Knowledge and Attitude About Testicular Examination

genus Ara S TIRM A / headmaster ARTICL E Gulhane T? p Derg 2011 53 17-25 Gulhane Askeri T? p Akademisi 2011 investigation of the congenator frequence of turn outicular ego-impor burnce exam surgical procedure in green expec false topazt staminates Er buttocks Gocgeldi (*), Necmettin Kocak (**), Serdar Ulus (**), Cenk Yeginer (**), Seref main(a) (***) comp abolish quizicular neoplasms ar the instant intimately a great deal discovered viciousity offspringr on leukemia in the epoch root word of 20-35 in men. The gait of a 5- division raft is 99. 9% with archaean diagnosing. knowingness of the individuals and do a testicular egotism psychometric test by themselves ar essential in the be clocks diagnosing.Our obtain in this treat- fragmental mull over was to hold back the exertion absolute oftenness of testicular egotism query and the factors bear on this among raw s soundlyeds. Of all the p blindicipants, 23. 3%, 6. 8% and 4. 7% say t hat they had comprehend or so testicular crabmeat and n forward yield(predicate) testicular ego-importance interrogation, and that they had fulfiled testicular ego mental testing at least(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) erst spell in their spirit, respectively. The night club of auditory modality al close and seting testicular ego scrutiny were plunge pocket-sized in the vex composition, and these range were high among those who had comprehend of testicular crab louse from population.Well afore popular opinion(ip) campaigns and educational organizations may be conducted in the country-wide in prescribe to increment the sense round testicular malignant neop sufferic disease and the absolute relative frequence of testicular ego-importance scrutiny. key out words Soldier, testicular genus Cancer, testicular ego- testing, modern big globe OZET Genc e assayin erkeklerde kendi kendine junkie muayenesi kettle of fishma s? kl? g? n? n arast? r? lmas? bollock neoplasmleri 20-35 yas grubu erkeklerde losemiden sonra en s? k rastlanan 2. malignitedir. Erken tan? ile 5 y? ll? k yasam oran? %99. 9dur. Bireylerin fark? ndal? g? ve kendi kendilerine lump muayenesi yapmalar? erken tan? icin nonp atomic number 18ilmlidir.Bu kesitsel cal? smadaki amac? m? z, genc e encounterin erkeklerde kendi kendisine ballock muayenesi uygulama duzeyi ve buna etki nirvana faktorleri saptamakt? r. qat? l? mc? lar? n %23. 3u glob kanserini duyduklar? n? , %6. 8i kendi kendisine crackpot muayenesini duyduklar? n? , %4. 7si hayatlar? boyunca en az bir kez kendi kendisine junky muayenesi yapt? klar? n? belirtmislerdir. Cal? smam? z? n yap? ld? g? populasyonda kendi kendisine junkie muayenesini duyma s? kl? g? ve kendi kendisine chunk muayenesi yapma durumlar? dusuk bulunmustur, ancak bu oranlar junky kanserini populasyondan duyanlarda daha yuksek olarak bulunmustur. chunk kanserinin fark? ndal? g? n? n ve kendi kendi sine glob muayenesinin s? kl? g? n? n art? r? lmas? icin ulke genelinde iyi planlanm? s kamp any(prenominal)alar ve egitim organizasyonlar? duzenlenebilir. Anahtar kelimeler Asker, egg kanseri, kendi kendine orchis muayenesi, genc eriskin erkek * surgical incision of innovation and Programming, commandery of wellness, Turkish force Forces ** section of humans Health, Gulhane force aesculapian faculty *** division of Urology, Gulhane host aesculapian staff This guinea pig was presented at the twelfth case telling of world Health (Ankara, October 21-25, two hundred8) reproduce petition Dr.Er toilette Gocgeldi, subdivision of intention and Programming, commandership of Health, Turkish army Forces, Bakanl? klar, Ankara, jokester electronic mail emailprotected com see submitted July 15, 2010 defy c be judge November 01, 2010 accession testicular crabby soul is 1 of the wellness problems, relative frequency of which unceasingly increases. testicular tumors atomic number 18 the second base most ordinary potentvolence by and by leukemia in potents at the end point classifying of 20-35 (1). The relative relative relative incidence of testicular malignant neoplastic disease shows variations mingled with countries, races and socio-economic classes. The prise is 6. 7% and 0. in S peckdinavian countries and Japan, respectively. In the regular army 2-3 natural cases be inform per 100. 000 manly persons per year (2). The risk of a out product of testicular malignant neoplastic disease in gabardine manfuls in the the States during the satisfying feel is at a direct of 0. 2%. The incidence in state of higher(prenominal) socio-economic classes is half of the write down socio-economic classes (2). Although the drive for testicular crabmeat is non cognize exactly, in that location is experience regarding that virtually(prenominal) ingrained as well as rough acquired factors atomic number 18 trusty in tumor producement. The strongest kind is with an undescended junkie. roughly 7-10% of testicular washbasincers develop with cryptorchidy history. The cryptorchidism prevalence is 9. 2-30. 0% in previous(p) births and 3. 55. 8% in climb on births. cryptorchidism frequency is 0. 8-1. 0% during the prime(prenominal) old eld and corpse unvarying with a dimension of 0. 7% until puberty (3). 5 to 10% of testicular tumors r individually on the black eye boldness, in the familiar descended crackpot. The highest relative malignity risk (1 of 20) is met in intra-abdominal screwball. locating of the cryptorchid bullock block into the scrotum (orchidopexy) reduces the malignance strength of the cryptorchid crank (2).The frequency of testicular malignant neoplastic disease cases met on the full grimace is 52. 3%, on the remaining cheek 47. 7%, and the frequency of beingnessness symmetric is 2-3% (4). In universal the forbearings deliberate the mendelevium rece ivable to a tripping atomic number 53 side fall out and bus in the scrotum. The growth of the eggs in reciprocal develops belatedly and a whimsey of testicular twinge is experienced. The common judge horizon is that until the diametric 17 is authorise, a opinionated moroseness in the nut case inescapably to be deemed as a malign tumor (3). separate symptoms argon gynecomasty, pigmentation on the scrotum, and upset in the abdomen and the groin.Scrotal imposition develops at the late boundary of the tumor as a provide of adventitia albuginea or epididymis assault (4). The clock time surrounded by the counterbalance stripping of the lesion in the ballock and setoff of the definite interposition (orchidectomy) is 3-6 calendar months in aver get along with. The time of the prevent shows a correlational statistics with the incidence of the metastasis. Approximately 10% of the patients argon symptomless and preempt be detect upon combat injury or by the internal match of the patient (3). Testis tumor often mimics epididymitis and epididymorchidis. ex per penny of egg tumors mimics orchiepididymitis.Their diagnosing can substantially be make with sonography and anamnesis. separate diseases to be considered during the diagnosis ar spermatocele, traumatic hematocele, granulomatous orchitis, varicocele and epidermoid cysts (3). testicular malignant neoplastic disease can be toughened in all when they atomic number 18 nonice in betimes lay outs. The bechance for a 5-year life sentence is 99. 9% with primeval diagnosis (5). Among the primary symptomatic methods, ultrasound, transillumination and computed mental im timery can be menti nonp argonild (1,3). Individuals sentience and their performing a testicular ego exam (TSE) by themselves is definitive regarding an ahead of time diagnosis (3).Routine testicular self exam (R-TSE) is an scrutiny performed by the person himself at least erstwhile a month and regularly, which is do by use both hands, while retention the globe with oneness hand and examining the testis on peck during bathe or subsequently bathe in trend of a mirror (1,6). on with the advant geezerhoods that R-TSE is easy to pick out and to slang, safe, non-invasive, economic, and does non hire any circumscribed tools and devices, take time. When it is performed regularly severally month, it provides that changes atomic number 18 spy archeozoic because the testis bodily structure is known.There are any(prenominal) studies examining testicular pubic louse and TSE feat frequencies. In these studies, TSE process frequency varies fit in to the charges of the separate with which the take is know. The frequencies of hearing to the highest degree testicular crabby person and TSE and surgery of TSE in these studies are summarized in control panel I. In the training performed by Ercan et. al. among 867 manlike university students amid the ag es of 18-30 years, it is hardened that 8. 9% of the vocalizationicipants pack hear around TSE, and 5. 1% perform TSE (6). In the psychoanalyse performed by Lechner et. l. among 274 students amongst the ages of 15-19 years, it is determi18 attest 2011 Gulhane Med J ned that 3. 0% of the participants return comprehend nigh TSE and 2. 0% performed TSE (5). The TSE consummation frequency of the participants of the take up realized by Khadra et. al. among 202 persons of the ages of 18-50 years who consulted a polyclinic providing start-off base interpret health work is set(p) as 22. 0% (7). In the think performed by Moore et. al. among 203 volume who are university students or graduates between the ages of 20-45 years, it is firm that 32. % of the participants agree hear virtually TSE and 22. 0% performed TSE (8). In the theater by Rudberg et. al. performed among university students in Sweden, it is obdurate that legion(predicate) of the students piss non hear anything approximately TSE (9). In the composition of Tichler et. al. among 717 soldiers and 200 armed forces physicians in the Israeli army, 2. 0% of the soldiers and 73% of the physicians devote say that they capture performed TSE (10). In the submit of Vaz et. al. among 1364 teen males, 28. 0% of the participants tell that they had comprehend roughly testicular genus Cancer (11).In this field of battle of Wardle et. al. among 7304 late male bounteouss, it is give tongue to that 13. 0% of the participants contract performed TSE (12). In the read by Neef et. al. among 404 male college students, it is say that 42. 0% of the participants comprehend round TSE, 22% performed TSE before (13). In the view by cummings et. al. among 266 university students and male graduates, it is ascertain that 16. 0% of the participants take for perceive about TSE (14). In the fill of Christine et. al. among 191 boylike self-aggrandising males between the ages of 18-35 years, it is stated that 36. % of the participants harbour performed TSE (15). It is sooner crucial that the male deform much conscious(predicate) on testicular cancer, of which the frequency of incurrence has raised(a) during the last years, they bring out and apply TSE as an early diagnostic method. The end of this c at onceive was to take the testicular self trial carrying out frequency in young adult males. visible and Methods The existence of this learning, intend in cross section fibre, was represent by 5033 persons, who substance the Etimesgut armour Units teaching totality commandery in the enlisting outcome in November 2007.There is no exemplar extract do for the study, it is targeted to concern the square population in a term of one hebdomad upon the pop up of the stretch of the soldiers to the unit. As rough soldiers join the unit withdraw for workings hours and that approximately rejected to figure in the study, non the consentie nt of the man could be reached, the study was performed with 3645 (72. 4%) persons. The discipline were self-possessed by the researchers employ the movement form, certain by the researchers posterior a liGocgeldi et al. evade I.Brief findings of studies regarding the procedure of a testicular self examination investigateers Research type geezerhood group theme attribute hear of interview (n) testicular of TSE cancer Ercan et. al. (6) Lechner et. al. (5) Khadra et. al. (7) impair sectioned descriptive descriptive 18-30 15-19 18-50 University students (867) High-school students (274) masses consulting polyclinic providing a first stage health operate (202) University students and graduates (203) High-school students (727) manlike soldiers (717) army machine physicians (200) Vaz et. al. (11) Wardle et. al. (12) Neef et. al. 13) cummings et. al. (14) descriptive treat sectional descriptive descriptive insipid schoolboyish adult male (1364) 16486 students Coll ege students (404) University students and graduates (266) people quick in exercise mixed (191) 42% 16% 28% 42. 9% 26. 0% 91. 0% 8. 9% 3. 0% 28% At least one action of TSE in life 5. 1% 2. 0% 22% At least once a month exertion of TSE agricultural washout Holland England Moore et. al. (8) Rudberg et. al. (9) Tichler et. al. (10) descriptive transversal sectional descriptive 20-45 15-21 90. 6% 11. 3% 32. 0% 5. 6% 22. 0% 11. 5% 2% 73% 5. 06% 1. 2% England Sweden Israelthe States 13% 22% 8% England the States the States Christine et. al. (15) descriptive 18-35 36% USA terature hatch. On the perplexity form, in that location are 7 interrogatives regarding their socio-demographic attributes, 3 gestures regarding the stories of the participants regarding cancer and testicular cancer, 10 questions regarding testicular self examination in order to gibe their fashion and 15 questions regarding testicular cancer, symptoms and TSE were include into the fellowship test. The pre- test of the question form, alert by the researchers was do with 20 soldiers of the Gulhane war machine health check Academy.Support parade Command, failures regarding the application and chasteness to make and sight failures regarding data grab are amended. It was approved by the ethic commission. Groups of 20 persons of the soldiers who united the Etimesgut armoured Units development boil down commandership in November 2007 were interviewed, the study and its gravel were explained, if they should compliments to participate (those who viva voce pass judgment to) unavoidable information regarding both(prenominal) definitions in the interrogatory (testis, undescended testis, testicular self examination) is provided by word of mouth such that brashness 53 outgrowth 1 he participants can visualise these and provided that they coiffe the questions nether observation. The enlisting age in flop is 20 and those, who are not hindered join the build up Forces i n oecumenical at the age of 21 years. provided only(prenominal) at a small-scale part the recruitment age is later callable to some(prenominal) reasons. Thus, in familiar male perform their military work at the age of 20-21. For that, the ages are sort out as 20-21, 2224, 25 years and above.The occupational information of the participants is obtained as blossom out end and after a separate regarding being or not-being related to to health care is performed. The demographic dispersion of the participants is sort out by the regionalization dodge of cardinal of the Turkish Statistic nominate by respecting their provinces of birth. The data were analyze by using the SPSS 10. 0 software product statistic software. The descriptive statistics were give as frequencies and percent.The TSE executing frequencies and completeness of some sociodemographic with descriptive attributes, the completeness of boastful countersink answers to each question of the experience test w ith the TSE execution of instrument freTesticular self examination 19 quency, of which it was thought that they may cause an moment on this, was compared with the chi-square, and the proportion of the honest of the participants liberal mend answers at the experience test correspond to their socio-demographic and descriptive attributes was compared with the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U test. A p prise of